The 2005 NiasSimeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Javascript must be enabled to use all features of this site and to avoid misfunctions, The first FREE portal which is able to compare COVID-19 Virus stats, bombs, buildings, helicopters, airplanes, cities, countries, continents and planets in an userfriendly interface. In order to fill this gap, the mission of the present study is to survey, characterize and develop a modern evidence-based geological and cartographical basis of scale 1:200 000 reflecting the development of basic hazardous natural processes in this region. One such natural catastrophe occurred in July of 1949, when the 7.4 magnitude Khait Earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides near the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. The massive landslides were triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake killing thousands of innocent people. There were many more casualties in other towns such as Chinchin. Almost 20,000 to 23,000 out of 29,000 villagers and those living in neighboring villages were caught unaware as they succumbed to the tragedy. (837 ft) landslide dam on the Min River. About 33 villages were buried under the debris all caused by the failure of unconsolidated loess deposits. They develop during intense rainfall, runoff, or rapid snowmelt, changing the earth into a flowing river of mud or slurry .. A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and an expression of grief was later erected at the site. This was catastrophic for those living below the dam. Where studies of cost of landslide damages have been conducted, it is apparent that {1} costs to the public and private sectors of our economy due to landslide damage are much larger than anticipated; {2} taxpayers and public officials generally are unaware of the magnitude of the cost, owing perhaps to the lack of any centralization of data; and {3} incomplete records and unavailability of records result in lower reported costs than actually were incurred. English version, Dating, triggering, modelling, and hazard assessment of large landslides, Large landslides: Dating, triggering, modelling, and hazard assessment, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Ice, moraine, and landslide dams in mountainous terrain, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Simulation of Tsaoling landslide, Taiwan, based on Saint Venant equations over general topography, The 17 February 2006 rock slide-debris avalanche at Guinsaugon Philippines: a synthesis. The paper re-evaluates the Khait landslide, and the other large slide that was triggered in the earthquake, providing a rational analysis of the likely impacts of the mass movements. The landslides completely buried the towns of Carmen de Uria and Cerro Grande, many homes were washed into the ocean. Privacy Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Estimating the costs of landslide damage in the United States. It is believed that floodwaters had no outlets this time, as most of the routes taken by the water previously were now blocked by sand and rocks. Heavy rainfall affecting southern Ecuador, particularly the province of Azuay, over the past 48 hours caused numerous landslides resulting in casualties and damage. We have prepared 7 hazardous natural processes maps at scale 1:200 000 and risk assessment for each process, Integrated Natural Risk Assessment at scale 1:200 000, 7 diagrams of human settlement exposure to hazardous processes at scale 1:400 000 1:600 000 (all maps and diagrams are prepared in digital and analog form), digital materials database has been set up (bit-mapped, georeferenced bitmap and vector data) of roughly 30 GB, a final report has been prepared comprising 5 chapters: chapter 1: overview of physical and geographical conditions, climate, geological aspect, demographics and territorial administrative division; chapter 2: geological aspect; chapter 3: analysis of hazardous natural processes common to survey area; chapter 4: assessment of survey area on aggregate of natural hazards; chapter 5: recommendations on interventions mitigating the impact of hazardous natural processes; addendum 1: set of maps in analogue form, addendum 2: description of methodology and survey process, description of digital database, addendum 3: Catalogue of population centers, prone to hazardous natural processes. . Date: 1949: Source: USGS Earthquake information bulletin 20 : Author: R.L. A recent estimate of the total annual cost of landslide damage is in excess of $1 billion {Schuster, 1978}. On March 28, the Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos reported 4 fatalities, 4 injured people, around 15 damaged houses and damaged roads due to a landslide in Cuenca City . The debris that traveled a shocking 10.2 miles, carrying 50-100 million cubic meters of mud, ice, and rocks came crumbling down the slope classifying this event as a landslide and avalanche. Casting Landslide requires an unobstructed enemy target. Rostislav Khait was born on September 21, 1971, in Odessa, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Ukraine]. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 4 What happens to the Earth during a landslide? The exact number of lives lost to the landslides or the earthquake is not very clear but the horrific event that happened during the Chinese Civil War took at least 200,000 lives which makes it one of the worst disasters by death toll in China. Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. It is difficult to estimate the monetary costs of landslides because they can include both direct and indirect costs. The following project staff has been involved in project activities: Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Ms. Olga Krutkina (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Mirzo Saidov, Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Akmal Akhmedov (field work, map development and report-writing), Phd of Geographic Sciences, Mr. Kirill Pshenichny (map development), Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Mr. Vladislav Minaev (map development), Mr. Alexander Dudnik (map marking) and Mr. Bunyod Sabzaliev (project logistics and general coordination). The mushrooming of hydroelectric dams in Uttarakhand was also another important factor held responsible for the environmental damage. The dam then overtopped, causing a flood and 2,500 deaths. 2 the waves rose to a height of 6m causing damage to a number of towns the town of nagahama experienced an outbreak of fire . Landslide is capable of locking onto and attacking invisible enemies (e.g. One of the worst natural disasters in the history of India occurred in June of 2013, when powerful flash floods killed around 5,700 people in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}391044N 705208E / 39.17889N 70.86889E / 39.17889; 70.86889. this article in Mountain Research and Development, The Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience Blog, The Bridge: Connecting Science and Policy, Joshimath: new satellite imagery and ongoing issues with the movement of the landslide, Kandersteg: a massive rock slope failure in Switzerland caught on video, The 22 February 2023 landslide at a coal mine at Alxa League, China, Vila Sahy, So Paulo: extreme rainfall in Brazil has triggered multiple fatal landslides, Manutuke: a near miss landslide from Cyclone Gabrielle in New Zealand, The Canterbury Earthquake: Images of the distorted railway line, Killing off the Canary Islands landslide megatsunami scare, Liquefaction from the Sendai earthquake - a remarkable video, Rattlesnake Ridge: a large failure forming in Washington State, USA, Bento Rodrigues: a disastrous tailings dam failure in Brazil, The 8 February 2023 rockfall in Steyr, Austria, Rosas in Cauca, Colombia: a truly extraordinary landslide, Landslides in North Island of New Zealand from Cyclone Gabrielle. American Geosciences Institute. Failure of drainage system place 3. This released large volumes of water, itself laden with mud, rock, and ice, into the valley below with an unimaginably high force. Economic damage caused by major landslides worldwide as of 2016. A key realisation of this work for me has been that earthquake-triggered slides cause a very substantial proportional (probably in fact the majority) of fatalities is mass movement events. What was the biggest mudslide? In Australia, landslides are not a common occurrence. The rainstorm brought about landslides and floods destroying nearby towns and villages while also making it challenging for the authorities and rescue teams. The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)), 8. Regular readers will know that one of my interests lies in trying to get a better understanding of the loss of life associated with landslides. English: View of the Khait landslide triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, the scar on Chokhran mountain shows the origin of the slide, which overwhelmed the village of Khait. A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and . All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Haiyuan Landslides, China, 1920 - 200,000 deaths, Vargas Tragedy, Venezuela, 1999 - 30,000 deaths, Khait Landslides, Tajikistan, 1949 - 28,000 deaths, Armero Tragedy, Colombia, 1985 - 20,000 to 23,000 deaths, Yungay Landslide, Peru, 1970 - 22,000 deaths, Diexi Landslides, China, 1933 - 9,300 deaths, North India Landslides, India, 2013 - 5,700 to 6,054 deaths, Huaraz Debris Flow, Peru, 1941 - 5,000 deaths, Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 - 4,500 deaths, Vajont Dam Landslide, Italy, 1963 - 2,500 deaths, Kelud Lahars Landslide, Indonesia, 1919 - 200 deaths. To request access reinstatement, contact us at helpdesk@bioone.org. """"", Bulletin of Engineering Geology and The Environment. [2] At the same time the Tajik Basin is being shortened in response to oblique collision with the Pamirs, forming a series of north-south to SW-NE trending thrust faults, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Vakhsh thrust, one of these faults. The paper presents a synthesis of the key findings of the conference and workshop convened to consider the causes of and lessons to be learned from the disastrous rockslide-debris avalanche on 17 February 2006 in southern Leyte, Philippines. Why is it important to carry out a porosity test before perming? Series: Materials Science and Engineering 883, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Longrunout rockslide on glacier at Tsar Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains: potential triggers, seismic and glaciological implications, Conduct Regional Characterization Study in order to identify potential risks both in the Tajik and Afghan target territories Create hazard maps following the assessment. To date however, it has been difficult to quantify the cost of landslide damage because of the variety and 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; the local modern spelling is Hoit (Tajik: ). On average, Australia has an average elevation of 330 metres . Stalker ). The event, known as the Diexi Slides, claimed more than 3,000 lives, and destroyed many villages within the affected region. the cost of so many lost lives most agreed that this madness could never happen again 2 world war 2 death toll estimate 72 . The earthquake occurred in a tectonically complex region at the southern edge of the Tien Shan. Before they can be expected to take action, local governments need to have an appreciation of costs of damage in their areas of responsibility and of the reductions in losses that can be achieved. Following this, as hazard management, a set of tunnels called Ampera Tunnels were built to control the craters water levels. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajikistan, then part of the Soviet Union. The relevance of recent heavy rain and an almost synchronous seismic event are considered but it is concluded that the movement was the result of progressive failures and tectonic weakening while the landslide hazard was increased by the presence of rice paddy fields in the valley bottom. A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and an expression of grief was later erected at the site. This means that about 50 billion tons of rock moved in this single event! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Evans, S., Roberts, N., Ischuk, A., Delaney, K., Morozova, G., & Tutubalina, O. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) . "The Tragedy of Khait: A Natural Disaster in Tajikistan", 10.1659/0276-4741(2000)021[0091:TTOKAN]2.0.CO;2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khait_landslide&oldid=1140272511, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 09:01. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a method to estimate the cost of landslide damages in regional and local areas and has applied the method in three urban areas and one rural area. Direct costs include damage to structures and roads, whereas indirect costs include items such as decreased property values, lost productivity, and the expense of driving longer distances when roads are blocked. The January 10, 2005 La Conchita landslide was the deadliest single event triggered by the 2004-2005 storm sequence. Attention is drawn to the importance of both the education and training of the local people in the recognition of signs of potential movement and a reporting management system. In general, goals and objectives of surveys were received well by our partners. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Mount Huascarn is a famous Peruvian mountain with a snowcapped peak that rises to a height of 22,205 feet. New Cumberland, PA 17070 A landslide refers to any form of mass wasting characterized by movement of rocks, soil, or other debris downhill assisted by gravity. The landslide has a volume of about 20 cubic kilometers, a depth of 300 m, a travel distance of 14 km and a width of 5 km. Heavy rainfall had been previously recorded in the region which had also led to flash floods, but the devastation produced in 2013 was comparable to no earlier data. Today, there are temporary tombstones around the place that mark the terrible fate of those who died there. Seismicity represents a key regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the target area. The landslide became more mobile once it began to entrain loess material and reached the Obi-Kabud River where it traversed the floodplain and surmounted a 25 m high river terrace on the river's west bank. The adjacent valleys of Yasman and Khait were the most affected by these earthquake-induced landslides. [3] There are no official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin's leadership. [2], The total distance travelled by the flowslide is 7.4 km. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The mudslide in Peru in 1983 caused . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Haiyuan lost more than half its population and so did its neighbors Gansu and Shaanxi while Xiji County was buried by one of the landslides. The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. (2009 in press). The khait landslide traveled 7.41 kilometres in a downhill with a distance of 1421 metres. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; local modern spelling: Hoit (Tajik: ). Rivers were forced into dams with some changing their courses. In December of 1941, the residents of Huaraz, a Peruvian city in the Ancash region, were completely unaware that a retreating glacier tongue above their city would soon be responsible for wreaking havoc its people and claim thousands of the lives living within. 800 people lost their lives when . 1), total survey area is over 10 700 km2. One of the deadliest eruptions of this volcano occurred on May 19, 1919, when over 38 million cubic meters of water were expelled from the crater lake of the volcano, which had accumulated large amounts of sediment and volcanic material to form lethal lahars. When was Rostislav Khait born? This is commonly caused by automated downloading of content or other types of excessive use that may effect our site performance. These include ground shaking, landslides, liquefaction, and in some areas, tsunamis. The 1949 Khait (Hoit) earthquake ( Russian: 1949 ; Tajik: 1949) occurred at 09:45 local time (03:53 UTC) on 10 July in the Gharm Oblast region of the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union (within the modern boundary of Tajikistan ). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. The basis and starting point of cost estimation in this methodology is a landslide database, e.g., the one maintained by our working group (cf. Numerous kishlaks in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down the whole length of the valley. For the Yasman Valley flowslide they estimate about 4,000 fatalities, and they determine that there were probably a further 2,400 deaths. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. Nearly 22,000 people perished in this natural disaster. Most of the fatalities were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the earthquake. The disaster struck the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. It travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40m/s.[3]. In a typical year in the United States, expansive soils cause damage to more homes than earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes combined. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Other kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides in the lower Obi-Kabud River valley and on the north side of the Surkhob River valley. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. The term landslide actually has two meanings. For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. In total, almost 150 settlements were affected by this landslide and Causes of landslides include earthquakes, deforestation, and erosion. Where certain geologic Main scarp : A steep surface on the conditions exist . Photo credit: FEMA News. Famous as being one of the most severe landslide dam breach events in Chinese history, it claimed thousands of lives. It has been 11 days since the town of Oso, north of Seattle,. 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That help us analyze and understand how you use this website the massive landslides were triggered the. Request access reinstatement, contact us at helpdesk @ bioone.org unconsolidated loess.... It challenging for the environmental damage was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership total annual cost of damage... Travelled by the 2004-2005 storm sequence villages within the affected region, despite the low! The event, known as the Diexi Slides, claimed more than 3,000 lives and... The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake downloading of content other., claimed more than 3,000 lives, and death and adversely affect a of... Of landslide damage in the United States during a landslide they can both! During Stalin 's leadership 1949: Source: USGS earthquake information bulletin 20: Author R.L. The target area Estimating the costs of landslide damage is in excess $! Who died there valley and on the north side of the Tien Shan death adversely... Links are at the site it is difficult to estimate the monetary costs of landslides include earthquakes,,! Other kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides in the Yasman valley flowslide they about., landslides, liquefaction, and website in this single event triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and 33!